Charged Lepton Spectra From Hot-Spot Evaporation
This [arXiv:0908.1502v1 [hep-ph] 11 Aug 2009] is another paper, tackling the same topic of preconfining particle clouds, essentially, but from a slightly different angle. At temperatures just above the Hagedorn Temperature, the preconfining thermodynamics is dominated by a ground state of propagating exclusively massive, dual gauge mode decouples, acquiring a very large Meissner mass. This leads to a negative pressure. At just below the Hagedorn temperature, the condensate decays into single, selfintersecting center-vortex loops, interpretable as spin-1/2 fermions. In SU(2) YM, only one-fold selfintersecting center-vortex loops are absolutely stable, so these fermions are associated with charged (anti)leptons, which has every lepton-family add its own SU(2) YM-theory with a YM-scale matching the lepton-mass. These theories provide predictions for creation of large hot-spots of preconfining ground states.
In super-critical heavy-ion collision system above criticality has an emission of narrow positron peaks of several ten keV width, sitting on a broad background of conventional, parameter-free theory. These are not explainable with conventional theory. The width of narrow electron-positron peaks is narrower than that of the single positron lines, and the emitting source is seen to move very slowly. This, in combination with the opening angle rules out the pair decay of a neutral particle state in between 1.5 MeV and 2 MeV. The peak features at a given nuclear charge, is independent of the peak features. At these signatures are attributed to the formation and subsequent evaporation of the electron-SU(2) preconfining-phase hot-spots whose one-particle thermal emission spectrum is easily computed. The typical energy density associated with the Coulomb-fields at closest approach of the two nuclei can be estimated by the spontaneous creation of positrons in strong field QED requiring electronic binding energies at about -2m. The preconfining phase hot-spots are likely generated in the form of small droplets at the approximate size of the Bohr radius. Larger deposited energy during the formation of a hot-spot in comparison to the peak-energy of the single-particle spectrum for the emission of thermal electrons or positrons, has decay signatures that need to interpreted quantum-mechanically, while still adhering to the experimental decay spectrum. The narrowness of the peaks against the computed spectrum would imply that the experimental hot-spots are small droplets with position uncertainty. Their mass can only be slightly larger than the particle mass.
Anomalous multimuon events through proton-antiproton primary collisions at 1.96 TeV, an anomalous rate of dimuons can be detected in comparison to standard-model predictions. The ghost-events in the Run-II Tevatron data have neither the approximate R -> -R symmetry and the decay of the rate distribution of multimuon events with increasing |R|, nor the large magnitude of the rate of events containing two or more muons for R larger than BP-radius, nor the distribution of rate for a given charge composition of dimuon events in invariant mass can be explained by known standard-model. Dimuons spectra typically have a large weight in the GeV region. The calculation assumes an impact-parameter independence for hot-spot creation, which is unphysical. One can assume though, that a preconfining Muon-SU(2) hot-spot at 1TeV is almost at rest and thus emits muons isotropically explaining the R -> -R symmetry.
At temperatures just above Hagedorn-temperature, the SU(2) YM system is ground-state dominated. After creation of a bubble, a new phase of matter takes place its evaporation is simply determined by the content of stable, final particle species, energy conservation and Hagedorn temperature. For leptons far away from the hot-spot surface, the Hagedorn temperature is easily known. The number of charged leptons emitted per unit time and surface is computed straight-forwardly, which derives the differential yield per unit on-shell energy, time and surface.
The evaporation time couples weakly with the particle energy. Introduce a dimensionless scaling factor, which is to be removed for computation.
A charged lepton far away from the hot-spot surface can be assumed to be not temporally and spatially correlated to another charged lepton emerging from the same hot-spot. Resolving the hot-spot spatially or temporally is impossible either way. The entire hot-spot evaporation is seen as an instant of extremely high-multiplicity emission of charged leptons emerging from a point. The lepton number is
