YM-Thermodynamics 2024, 43: Black-Body Anomaly
In the direct application of deconfining-preconfining SU(2) YM-TD to the low-temperature photon gas, after coarse-graining the theory contains two vector modes that are massive at tree-level, and massless at tree-level (photon). The interactions between the excitations are very weak due to the constraints on momentum transfers. At very low frequencies, the CMB at 2.73K exhibits a perfect black-body shape, so perhaps the critical temperature might be set to this value. Then, problems in relation to QED arise. The perturbative definition of the fine-structure constant rises with an increase of energy-momentum transfers. At infinite resolution and finite-value fine-structure constant implies vanishing coupling at finite resolutions. The minimal, local interaction between photon and electron implies non-interaction at finite energy-momentum transfer. QED might be treated as an effective theory, valid up to some finite resolution, though the gap between local definition and application at finite resolution, as the maximal resolution is unknown. It's not a conventional approach.
Non-Abelian theories see the asymptotic freedom sets in for a sufficiently small number of fermion species that are charged fundamentally under the gauge group. A fundamental SU(2) gauge symmetry for photon physics implies a healthy perturbative running of the fundamental SU(2) gauge coupling g does not address the problem of the running coupling, since the electron is charged wrt the effective U(1). The issue persists, unless the electron would experience drastic deviations from point-particle behavior at extremely high energy-momentum transfer. It would resolve itself at sufficiently high temperatures. This would automatically be the case if leptons were extended solitons, so electrically charged leptons are low-energy solitonic field configurations in non-Abelian fundamental gauge dynamics.
The antiscreening effects in the thermal propagation of the tree-level massless, transverse mode are summarized through a modified dispersion law.
G is positive/negative at small/large momentum modulus and emerges by a thermal tadpole loop involving tree-level heavy gauge modes. It would vanish in a pure U(1) gas with free photons. Detectable deviations are related to the spectral gap, decaying at above critical temperatures. Thermalized photons are not expected to propagate in this gap. Above critical temperature however, they propagate conventionally. Below critical temperature, low frequency photons acquire a Meissner mass due to (anti)monopole condensation of the conventional Rayleigh-Jeans spectrum. Exceptions at low frequencies at temperatures around critical implies the possibility of an observational determination of the critical temperature.
In electroweak symmetry breaking, the SM's Higgs sector is excluded. The cascade of dynamical gauge symmetry breaking SU(2) → U(1) → Zmag(2) → 1 cooled through 2 phase transitions provides decoupling gauge modes without external Higgs mechanism. If the electron and its neutrinao are associated with the 2 quasi-stable low-temperature excitations in the SU(2) YM confining phase, no ground state energy-density is generated from the sector. The positional uncertainty of a point-like electron in QM could be interpreted as shifts in the intersection point of the center-vortex loop. This model can be extended to the lepton families. For a fermion of a SU(2) theory to not be confined by the ground state of another SU(2), the resulting theories must have the same EM parity. This implies QED's inclusion of weak, very weak and very very weak interactions as effective theories.